Beltaine, May 1

The season of Beltane begins on May 1 and extends through mid-June in the Northern Hemisphere (October to December in the Southern Hemisphere), marking the cross-quarter midpoint between Ostara (Spring Equinox) and Midsummer (Summer Solstice) in the Sun’s journey.

Joining and Growth

May’s arrival brings warmer days and a flourishing Earth. Beltane centers on planting, growth, and fertility of soil, animals, and people. The Maypole, rooted in ancient traditions, symbolizes this—a phallic pole adorned with ribbons of multiple colors, representing the union of distinct elements into one. Braiding or weaving two contrasting colors or textures is a common Beltane practice. It’s a time to mend ties, nurture friendships, and strengthen community. Gifts like baked goods, woven crafts, or wreaths made of dual materials are shared as tokens of unity, love, and togetherness.

Protection and Purification

On the Wheel of the Year, Beltane opposes Samhain (Halloween). During these times, the veil between the physical and spirit worlds thins, prompting rituals to shield against otherworldly harm. Bonfires, music, drumming, and dancing are traditional ways to repel evil and rejoice. The term Beltane derives from the Gaelic Mi Bhealtaine, meaning "bright fire." In modern Irish, a related term connects to May, reflecting the season’s fiery essence.

Bale Fire Ritual

On April 30th evening, grand bonfires are ignited to purify, banish evil, and mark the seasonal shift. Fragrant herbs or juniper boughs are often added to enhance cleansing. The fires symbolically burn away spiritual impurities and communal wrongs. In one custom, two fires are set opposite each other, leaving a safe path between. As people walk this path, they envision their flaws, misdeeds, and negative influences burning away, emerging pure. Forgiving others’ wrongs is essential for this ritual’s success.

May Baskets and Wreaths

With many plants blooming, Beltane calls for gathering flowers, boughs, and berries to craft baskets and wreaths. Hawthorn and mountain ash, with vivid berries and blossoms, are favored. May baskets filled with sweets or flowers are exchanged among neighbors and friends. Wreaths and boughs, shared as protective amulets, are hung on doors for the season. When June arrives, these decorations are burned in the Midsummer fire, bidding farewell to Beltane.